Name: __________________________ Date: _____________



1.
Approximately _____ of your body's energy is used for continuous bodily functions that are essential to life, such as breathing, heartbeat, and the production of body heat.
A.
one-tenth
B.
one-fifth
C.
one-third
D.
two-thirds


2.
In promoting instinct theories of human motivation, which famous psychologist wrote, “No other mammal, not even the monkey, shows so large an array of instincts.”
A.
Charles Darwin
B.
Walter Cannon
C.
Abraham Maslow
D.
William James


3.
Ethan is struggling to make enough money to pay his rent and buy food. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Ethan is attempting to meet his:
A.
self-fulfillment needs.
B.
psychological needs.
C.
homeostatic needs.
D.
basic needs.


4.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four chemical signals involved in the long-term regulation of body weight?
A.
neuropeptide Y
B.
insulin
C.
leptin
D.
serotonin


5.
Reduction of internal tension would be most closely associated with which theory of motivation?
A.
instinct theories
B.
incentive theories
C.
drive theories
D.
self-actualization theories


6.
Anthony decides to start running every morning before his first college class. He buys running clothes and some high-dollar athletic shoes, yet never quite makes it to the running path. What strategies could help Anthony achieve his goal?
A.
Set a goal of competing in a national marathon in a year's time.
B.
Enlist a friend to nag him about running every day.
C.
Form a specific goal intention and create implementation intentions.
D.
Remind himself daily that he is out of shape and needs to start a regular exercise program.


7.
Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Maslow's theory of motivation?
A.
The concept of self-actualization is vague, and almost impossible to define in such a way that it could be empirically measured or tested.
B.
Even though Maslow claimed that self-actualization is an inborn motivational goal, most people do not experience or achieve self-actualization.
C.
Maslow placed too much emphasis on psychological motives, ignoring instincts, drives, and physiological needs.
D.
The notion of self-actualization was derived from a limited sample that included only historical figures and Maslow's personal acquaintances.


8.
Who probably has the highest metabolic rate?
A.
Tyler, a 10-year-old boy
B.
Kayla, a 16-year-old girl
C.
Alexandra, a 22-year-old woman
D.
Luis, a 40-year-old man


9.
Compared to individualistic cultures, researchers have found that in Japan, a collectivistic culture:
A.
only basic emotions are experienced.
B.
almost all emotions are experienced with a much lower degree of arousal.
C.
almost all emotions are experienced with a much higher degree of arousal.
D.
an important aspect of emotional experience is the degree to which an emotion results from interaction with other people.


10.
Research has shown that adults who get by on about five hours of sleep per night are 50% more likely to:
A.
be anorexic.
B.
experience negative energy balance and lose weight.
C.
be obese.
D.
have a high basal metabolic rate and be slender throughout adulthood.


11.
Which of the following statements about the polygraph, or lie detector, is FALSE?
A.
It measures a few specific indicators of physiological arousal, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
B.
It does not actually detect lies.
C.
It is based on the idea that people will react emotionally, and with increased arousal, when lying in response to incriminating questions.
D.
It can distinguish among anxiety, guilt, fear, and anger.


12.
Which influential scientist inspired psychologists to devise lists of instincts to account for human behavior?
A.
Charles Darwin
B.
Clark Hull
C.
B. F. Skinner
D.
Abraham Maslow


13.
Contemporary emotion researchers tend to agree that:
A.
the James-Lange theory still offers the best explanation of emotion.
B.
emotions can be triggered in multiple ways.
C.
the two-factor theory of emotion, combined with the facial feedback hypothesis, offers the most accurate explanation of emotion.
D.
cognitive interpretations play only a minor role in triggering emotions.


14.
After Angela received her bachelor's degree, she gave her friends and family members a big hug and kiss. Angela is displaying the _____ component of her emotional state.
A.
physiological
B.
subjective
C.
cognitive
D.
expressive or behavioral


15.
_____ is the main source of energy in your body.
A.
Glucose
B.
Leptin
C.
Insulin
D.
Cholecystokinin


16.
Matthew is extremely intelligent, and is a gifted statistician, yet he has few friends and rarely holds a job for more than six months, because he constantly alienates his co-workers and supervisors. Matthew probably lacks:
A.
achievement motivation.
B.
competence motivation.
C.
basic emotions.
D.
emotional intelligence.


17.
Drive is to _____ as incentive is to _____.
A.
“push”; “pull”
B.
instinct; homeostasis
C.
“pull”; “push”
D.
self-actualization; instinct


18.
A P300 wave is:
A.
a distinctive sound frequency that occurs in the voice of someone who is intentionally being deceptive.
B.
a brief but distinctive heartbeat patterns that occurs when a person is lying.
C.
a distinctive brain wave that is emitted when a person perceives a stimulus that is distinctive in some way.
D.
a pattern of physiological responses shown on the print-out of a polygraph report that indicates deception.


19.
Which of the following restored normal metabolism, body temperature, immune functioning, and body weight in ob/ob mice?
A.
supplemental leptin
B.
aerobic exercise on a treadmill
C.
blocking receptor sites for the hormone ghrelin
D.
blocking receptor sites for cholecystokinin


20.
In contemporary psychology, the evolutionary perspective:
A.
is considered to be pseudoscience.
B.
considers how our evolutionary heritage may influence patterns of human behavior.
C.
has been replaced by the biological perspective.
D.
has all but been abandoned because research has consistently failed to find evidence to support its basic ideas.


21.
Which of the following is a criticism of drive theories of motivation?
A.
People often engage in behaviors that serve to increase tension and physiological arousal.
B.
There is no evidence that humans engage in behaviors to maintain homeostasis.
C.
Homeostasis has been disproved.
D.
Drive theories cannot explain behaviors that have biological components, such as hunger and thirst.


22.
Compared to 20 years ago:
A.
the average daily caloric intake of U.S. adults has increased by 7 percent or more.
B.
the average daily caloric intake of U.S. adults has decreased by about 5 percent.
C.
the number of overweight and obese people in the United States has decreased by about 6 percent.
D.
the percentage of obese people has decreased but the percentage of overweight people has increased.


23.
Which of the following is NOT one of the key defining features of anorexia nervosa?
A.
The person recognizes that he or she has an eating disorder.
B.
The person is intensely afraid of becoming overweight.
C.
The person has distorted perception about the size of his or her body.
D.
The person has a body weight that is 15 percent or more below normal.


24.
Adipose tissue is another name for:
A.
leptin
B.
insulin
C.
muscle
D.
body fat


25.
Compared to individualistic cultures, the expression of achievement motivation in collectivistic cultures:
A.
is suppressed by the government.
B.
emphasizes the recognition of the individual who has accomplished the achievement.
C.
is motivated by the desire to promote the status or well-being of the members of the person's social group.
D.
is only encouraged in work settings.


26.
Social context and relationships are an especially important part of private emotional experience in:
A.
individualistic countries like the United States and Canada.
B.
collectivistic countries like Japan.
C.
rural areas as opposed to urban areas or cities.
D.
urban areas or cities as opposed to rural areas.


27.
Increased brain levels of neuropeptide Y causes:
A.
increased eating behavior.
B.
decreased body metabolism.
C.
Both of the above.
D.
Neither of the above.


28.
People who have superior mental abilities yet make poor decisions are said to lack:
A.
self-efficacy.
B.
drive.
C.
emotional intelligence.
D.
interpersonal engagement.


29.
Drew is in his early forties. If he is typical of people his age, his basal metabolic rate (BMR) has _____ compared to when he was in his early twenties.
A.
increased sharply
B.
decreased gradually
C.
increased gradually
D.
decreased sharply


30.
After a ride on the very frightening roller coaster with Helga, Manfred's heart was beating fast, his hands were sweating, and his knees were trembling. He looked at Helga and concluded that he must be falling in love with her. Manfred's emotional experience can best be explained by the:
A.
homeostatic theory of emotion.
B.
facial feedback hypothesis.
C.
two-factor theory of emotion.
D.
set-point theory of emotion.


31.
Who is the author of the following quote: “Common sense says we lose our fortune, are sorry and weep; we meet a bear, are frightened and run; we are insulted by a rival, are angry and strike. The hypothesis here to be defended says that this order of sequence is incorrect, that the one mental state is not immediately induced by the other, that the bodily manifestations must first be interposed between, and that the more rational statement is that we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble.”
A.
Charles Darwin
B.
Richard Lazarus
C.
Walter Cannon
D.
William James


32.
What of the following best defines satiation?
A.
The feeling of fullness and diminished desire to eat that accompanies eating a meal.
B.
The anticipated pleasure of consuming a particular food.
C.
Changes in metabolism to counteract overeating or undereating.
D.
The pre-eating drop in blood sugar levels.


33.
Kai-Ching ate fried caterpillars, scorpions, and some grilled dog meat for dinner. It is very likely that Kai-Ching:
A.
is very poor and malnourished.
B.
is influenced in his eating habits by social and cultural factors.
C.
is mentally ill.
D.
eats regularly at the college cafeteria.


34.
Paige has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Which of the following is a key characteristic of her eating disorder?
A.
loss of appetite
B.
being 15 to 20 percent below her ideal body weight
C.
binge eating and purging by self-induced vomiting
D.
being unaware of the fact that she has an eating disorder


35.
When Yuet-Ping went for career counseling she was given the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Her score on this test is most likely to reveal her level of:
A.
emotionality.
B.
achievement motivation.
C.
curiosity.
D.
intelligence.


36.
Adam has a BMI of 34, which means that he is:
A.
very slender because he expends significantly more calories on vital body functions.
B.
obese.
C.
seriously underweight.
D.
within the normal range for his height and weight.


37.
People who have anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have _____ activity of the neurotransmitter _____ .
A.
increased; dopamine
B.
decreased; ghrelin
C.
increased; cholecystokinin (CCK)
D.
decreased; serotonin


38.
The view that expressing a specific emotion, especially facially, causes the subjective experience of that emotion is called the:
A.
cognitive-mediational theory.
B.
two-factor theory.
C.
facial feedback hypothesis.
D.
self-efficacy theory of emotion.


39.
According to research by psychologist Paul Ekman, what happens when people lie and try to control their facial expressions?
A.
They consistently glance to the right.
B.
They consistently glance to the left.
C.
Very brief facial expressions of fear, guilt, or anxiety often “leak” through.
D.
Brain activity instantly shifts from alpha brain waves to beta brain waves.


40.
Which of the following increases the sensitivity of stretch receptors in the stomach and helps signal feelings of fullness while you are eating a meal?
A.
the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)
B.
the hormone epinephrine
C.
the hormone ghrelin
D.
the neurotransmitter serotonin


41.
As the date of the state championships drew closer, Evan worked harder and longer in practice. Evan was demonstrating which characteristic of motivation?
A.
initiation
B.
intensity
C.
homeostasis
D.
activation


42.
After Shannon's doctor tells her that she needs to start a regular exercise program, Shannon takes a look at her schedule and decides that the best time for her to exercise is when she gets home from work, and that the best form of exercise for her is to take a brisk walk. Since Shannon has read the chapter Application, “Turning Your Goals into Reality,” she decides to form a goal intention. Which of the following is the best example of a goal intention that would help Shannon turn her intention into reality?
A.
“I intend to become more physically fit.”
B.
“I intend to start a regular exercise program.”
C.
“I intend to walk 30 minutes a day, five days a week after work.”
D.
“I will eat less and exercise more.”


43.
The view that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low is called:
A.
the James-Lange theory.
B.
arousal theory.
C.
the Cannon-Bard theory.
D.
the cognitive-mediational theory.


44.
In his conditioning studies, Pavlov tried presenting a dog with a little bit of food every thirty minutes. After doing this repeatedly, what did Pavlov observe?
A.
Because no other signals were used, the dog failed to develop a conditioned response.
B.
The thirty-minute interval made no difference but the dog did become conditioned to salivate to the sight of Pavlov.
C.
The dog's desire to eat diminished, which Pavlov termed “sensory-specific satiety.”
D.
The thirty-minute interval became a conditioned stimulus, triggering the conditioned response of salivation.


45.
Genetic susceptibility to obesity is likely due to:
A.
a common mutation in a single gene carried on the X chromosome.
B.
multiple genes on multiple chromosomes.
C.
the malfunction of the gene that controls insulin production.
D.
the presence of an ob/ob gene pair, which results in the inability to produce leptin.


46.
Approximately _____ percent of people with anorexia nervosa die from starvation, suicide, or physical complications arising from the extreme weight loss.
A.
2
B.
10
C.
25
D.
50


47.
The Focus on Neuroscience used PET scans to study brain areas that were activated when participants recalled emotional memories. Activation of which brain area indicated that the body's peripheral nervous system was also involved in feeling an emotion?
A.
the somatosensory cortex
B.
the hippocampus
C.
the visual cortex
D.
the amygdala


48.
The term interpersonal engagement refers to:
A.
a measure of relationship satisfaction used in rating emotional intelligence.
B.
a measure of involvement with other people that is used to assess “relatedness” in self-determination theory.
C.
the degree to which an emotion is experienced as positive or negative.
D.
an emotion dimension reflecting the degree to which emotions involve other people.


49.
From infancy through the teenage years there is:
A.
no decrease in BMR.
B.
a very slow decrease in BMR.
C.
a steep decline in BMR.
D.
a gradual increase in BMR.


50.
Specifying exactly when, where, and how you will carry out an intended behavior, linking specific situational cues to the intended behavior, is called a(n):
A.
goal intention.
B.
implementation intention.
C.
mastery experience.
D.
observational model.



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