_____ involves active mental processes and is often directed toward some goal, purpose, or conclusion.

Research on the cognitive ability to manipulate mental images indicates that the _____ the distance between two points on the mental image, the _____ time it will take to scan.

A problem in your textbook asked you to look at five versions of the number 3 which were displayed at different orientations and identify which were backwards. The point of the demonstration was that:

When we form a concept by learning the rules or features that define a particular concept, it is called a(n) _____ concept.

Which of the following BEST defines a formal concept?

A concept that is formed as a result of everyday experience, rather than by learning strict rules or features, is called a(n) _____ concept.

Psychologist Eleanor Rosch noted that the rules or attributes that define categories of natural objects and events in everyday life are usually not as clear and distinct as those that define formal concepts. Thus, she described natural concepts as:

In general, you can quickly identify an item as being an example of a natural concept if the item:

When Hillary was asked what comes to mind in response to the word “animal,” she immediately said “horse.” For Hillary, “horse” is a(n) _____ of the category “animal.”

Which of the following BEST defines a prototype?

Trial and error is defined as:

When LaToya got her new computer, she carefully followed the steps described in the manual, and by the end of the evening her new computer was up and running. LaToya used:

When there is a limited range of possible solutions, _____ can be a useful problem-solving strategy.

David and Alice plan to vacation in Florida. They figure out the total cost of the trip and then decide how much they will have to put aside each week in order to be able to pay for their holiday. David and Alice are using:

Kip is a professional auto mechanic whose hobby is restoring old cars. He picked up a classic Thunderbird convertible at an auction, but after spending several weekends tinkering with the engine, couldn't figure out what was wrong with it. As he was waking up one morning, he suddenly realized what the problem was. Kip's sudden realization of the problem's solution is an example of:

When Don was faced with the problem of fixing the faucet in his kitchen, he suddenly realized that he didn't have to hire a costly plumber but could fix it himself using a piece of rubber from an old inner tube. This example illustrates:

An intuitive hunch is most likely to be accurate when:

When Jean-Claude came back from skiing he wanted to brew a cup of coffee. Because he was out of coffee filters, he settled for tea. Jean-Claude's failure to realize he could use a paper towel as a coffee filter best illustrates:

When Adrian's computer would not respond to keyboard commands, he tried restarting it, as that strategy had worked in the past. After several tries, the keyboard still did not work so he gave up and called a computer repair service. A technician easily solved the problem: It turned out that the cord connecting the keyboard to the computer had been accidentally disconnected. Adrian's inability to solve the problem on his own had been hampered by his:

The _____ is a decision-making strategy that simplifies the choice among many alternatives, and although useful for minor decisions, can increase the riskiness of complex decisions.

Whenever Rachel is faced with choosing from a wide range of brand-name products, she always buys the cheapest brand. Rachel is using the _____ of decision making.

A decision-making strategy that involves systematically evaluating the important features of each alternative and rating each one using an arbitrary scale is called the:

A decision-making strategy that involves evaluating all the options on one characteristic at a time, starting with the most important, and discarding an option if it doesn't meet that criterion, is called the:

When decisions are complex and involve the comparison of many choices that have multiple features, people usually use:

A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated by comparing how similar it is to the typical prototype of the event is a definition of:

Jonathan is untidy, outgoing, and a chain smoker. He frequently stays up late and has a very flexible work schedule. Given this description, most people would guess that Jonathan is a bartender (which he is not) rather than a tax accountant (which he is). This example illustrates the influence of:

A system that combines arbitrary symbols to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements is a definition of:

_____ developed the first systematic intelligence test.

Which intelligence theorist believed that intelligence test scores were useful primarily to identify children who needed special help?

A measure of general intelligence that is derived by comparing an individual's score to scores of others in the same age group is a definition of:

Binet's intelligence test was translated and adapted by American psychologist Lewis Terman. Terman called this test the:

Ten-year-old Marjun's IQ score on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence test was 130. It is likely that her mental age is:

Your text notes the misuse of group intelligence tests shortly after World War I. Specifically, group intelligence tests were inappropriately administered to:

Wechsler's intelligence test was specifically designed to test _____ rather than _____.

Lewis Terman's colleague, Melita Oden, continued to study Terman's gifted children when they had reached adulthood. Oden compared the 100 most successful men (the “A” group) with the 100 least successful men (the “C” group). What did Oden find?

Nathan's score on the WAIS was 105. Nathan's score indicates that he is in the:

A test designed to assess a person's capacity to benefit from education or training is called a(n):

Ali took a test that measured his level of knowledge, skills, and accomplishment in particular areas such as mathematics and writing ability. Ali took a(n) _____ test.

How would you characterize the distribution of scores in a normal distribution?

Approximately what percentage of people will have IQ scores between 85 and 115?

When a test has the ability to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions, it is said to be:

Dr. Garcia assesses the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of his new test measuring the ability to cope with stress. He is checking the _____ of his new test.

Charles Spearman believed that _____ was/were responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests.

Desmond and Deirdre are two biological siblings who are reared in the same home. Their IQ scores are much more similar that those of Glen and Giselle, who are biological siblings who were separated as infants and raised in different homes. The fact that the IQ scores of Desmond and Deirdre are much more similar than the IQ scores of Glen and Giselle provides evidence for the influence of _____ on intelligence and IQ scores.

In Howard Gardner's theory, distinct forms of intelligence include:

Which of Sternberg's types of intelligence could be referred to as “street smarts”?

The range of intellectual potential is influenced by:

Jasmine and Jade are identical twins who were raised in different homes, but nevertheless have very similar IQ scores. This example provides support primarily for the influence of _____ on intelligence or IQ.

In their research on very young black children adopted into white middle-class families, Scarr and Weinberg found that the children's IQ scores were several points above the average scores of both black and white children. The results of this study and others support which of the following conclusions?

The Buraku people of Japan, whose IQ scores are 10 to 15 points below mainstream Japanese, illustrate the fact that: