Name: __________________________ Date: _____________



1.
Barbiturates:
A.
interfere with REM sleep.
B.
are a class of powerful hallucinatory drugs.
C.
stimulate regions at the base of the brain and enhance alertness.
D.
are derived from opium.


2.
_____ is defined as a cooperative social interaction in which one person responds to another person's suggestions with changes in perception, memory, and behavior.
A.
Sleep-walking
B.
Lucid dreaming
C.
Meditation
D.
Hypnosis


3.
The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is:
A.
heroin.
B.
marijuana.
C.
cocaine.
D.
caffeine.


4.
Because Paul suffers from frequent headaches, he began taking a powerful pain reliever every day. Lately he has noticed that when he avoids taking the pain reliever for a few days, his headaches are more intense and more frequent than they had been before he began taking the new medication. Paul is probably experiencing:
A.
drug tolerance.
B.
the drug rebound effect.
C.
psychological addiction.
D.
a drug side-effect.


5.
Restless legs syndrome:
A.
is a common symptom indicating cocaine abuse.
B.
is the primary cause of sleepwalking.
C.
is an unusual circadian pattern seen primarily in school-aged children.
D.
contributes to insomnia for millions of Americans.


6.
Sleepwalking typically occurs during:
A.
REM sleep.
B.
hypnagogic hallucinations.
C.
stage 4 NREM.
D.
stage 1 NREM.


7.
Brandy is fond of attending all-night raves at a dance club near her home. Some of the raves are drug-free, but at one rave she saw a friend who was sweating profusely, chewing ice and a plastic pacifier, drinking large quantities of water, and hugging everyone in reach as he proclaimed his love for all humanity. Brandy suspected that her friend was probably high on _____.
A.
PCP (angel dust)
B.
cocaine
C.
alcohol
D.
MDMA (ecstasy)


8.
Long-term methamphetamine use can produce damage to the brain's
A.
visual system, impairing the ability to see fine details.
B.
dopamine system, which is associated with memory and motor skill problems.
C.
serotonin system, which is associated with severe depression.
D.
anandamide system, which is associated with increased pain sensitivity.


9.
If you are like most people, you experience a daily slump in your mental alertness around 3 o'clock each afternoon. This daily fluctuation in mental alertness is an example of:
A.
a circadian rhythm.
B.
delta brain wave activity.
C.
REM rebound.
D.
narcolepsy.


10.
Lacey just started working the graveyard shift at a local factory, from 11:00 p.m. until 8 a.m. Which of the following factors makes it harder for her to adjust to her new schedule?
A.
Because she works nights, her body naturally produces less melatonin.
B.
Exposure to the bright morning sunlight when driving home after working the night shift.
C.
Hypermnesia.
D.
Like other night workers, she tends to experience cataplexy on a regular basis.


11.
While meditating, Steward tries to achieve a quiet awareness of the “here and now” without any distracting thoughts. Steward is using a(n) _____ meditation technique.
A.
hidden observer
B.
opening-up
C.
dissociation
D.
concentration


12.
On the average, each complete cycle through the stages of NREM sleep and REM sleep lasts about:
A.
20 minutes.
B.
1 hour.
C.
90 minutes.
D.
3 hours.


13.
Sheena was describing a dream she had about her psychology class to a friend. “During the dream, I realized it was dream, and I didn't like the way the dream was going so I went back to the beginning of the dream and started it over,” she explained to her astonished friend. What had Sheena experienced?
A.
a lucid dream
B.
REM sleep behavior disorder
C.
REM rebound
D.
hypermnesia


14.
As you are being monitored by sleep researchers, almost all of your brain activity comprises delta brain waves. This is a clear sign that you are in:
A.
stage 4 NREM.
B.
REM sleep.
C.
sleep paralysis.
D.
stage 1 NREM.


15.
REM sleep is also called:
A.
paradoxical sleep.
B.
NREM sleep.
C.
sleep spindles.
D.
hypnagogic hallucinations.


16.
Which of the following characterizes sleep apnea?
A.
The sleeper repeatedly stops breathing during the night.
B.
The dreamer is able to control and guide the dream's story.
C.
As the person is waking up but is not yet fully awake, he or she feels as though they are unable to move.
D.
The individual suddenly loses voluntary muscle control and strength, usually collapsing to the floor.


17.
Circadian rhythms that are drastically out of synchronization with daylight and darkness cues can produce:
A.
jet lag.
B.
narcolepsy.
C.
hypermnesia.
D.
REM sleep behavior disorder.


18.
The term circadian rhythm refers to:
A.
the influence of the 28-day lunar cycle on human and animal behavior.
B.
the consistent, daily fluctuations in many biological and psychological processes.
C.
the fact that many insects, including grasshoppers and crickets, have constant biological activity and do not sleep.
D.
the prenatal beginnings of sleep and dreaming.


19.
LSD and psilocybin:
A.
mimic the neurotransmitter serotonin.
B.
can be derived from the peyote cactus.
C.
rapidly produce drug tolerance and addiction.
D.
were first synthesized as potential pain killers in the 1960s.


20.
Dr. Repetti is a sleep researcher who wishes to record the rhythmic electrical patterns of the brain. He is most likely to use which of the following methods?
A.
the electroencephalograph
B.
tracking changes in breathing, blood pressure, and body temperature
C.
MRI scans
D.
monitoring blood levels of melatonin


21.
You've been lying awake next to your bed partner for about five minutes. As you hear the other person's breathing become rhythmical, you notice occasional slight twitches in your partner's hand and leg. Most likely, your bed partner is in:
A.
stage 1 NREM.
B.
stage 2 NREM.
C.
stage 4 NREM.
D.
REM sleep.


22.
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?
A.
in the hypothalamus in the brain
B.
in the retina of each eye
C.
in the soft skin behind each knee
D.
in the thyroid gland in the throat


23.
Moderate or heavy use of MDMA (ecstasy) can lead to irreversible damage to the brain's _____ system.
A.
dopamine
B.
anandamide
C.
serotonin
D.
endorphin


24.
In response to bright morning light:
A.
there is an increase in the number of K complexes generated by the brain.
B.
the suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to decrease production of melatonin.
C.
the pineal gland increases production of melatonin.
D.
brief but harmless instances of REM rebound can occur.


25.
Dreaming usually takes place during _____ sleep and is typically accompanied by _____.
A.
NREM; voluntary muscle movements, including thrashing and sleepwalking
B.
deep; minimal brain activity
C.
REM; voluntary muscle movements, talking, and sleepwalking
D.
REM; physiological arousal, brain activity, and rapid movement of the eyes


26.
According to the restorative theory of sleep, _____ is thought to be important for restoring mental functions while _____ is thought to be important for restoring body functions.
A.
REM sleep; NREM sleep
B.
NREM sleep; REM sleep
C.
quiet sleep; active sleep
D.
microsleeping; paradoxical sleep


27.
The neodissociation theory of hypnosis suggests that the hypnotized person experiences:
A.
the splitting of consciousness into two or more simultaneous streams of mental activity.
B.
social pressure to conform to the hypnotist's expectations in the situation.
C.
multiple personalities.
D.
suppression of the brain's most sophisticated regions.


28.
Elaine is sitting in Sigmund Freud's office and tells him that she remembers a dream in which a car was parked in front of her house and a man with a baseball bat kept getting in and out of the car. After some discussion, Freud suggests to Elaine that the baseball bat probably symbolized the man's penis and the action of repeatedly entering the car probably symbolized sexual intercourse. The symbolic meaning of the dream that Freud suggested is called the _____ content.
A.
lucid
B.
manifest
C.
latent
D.
primal


29.
REM is an acronym that stands for:
A.
reticular energies motion.
B.
rapid eye movements.
C.
retinal entrainment motion.
D.
random eye monitoring.


30.
LSD:
A.
is derived from lithium acid diphosphate, a chemical found in underground hot springs.
B.
is less potent than mescaline in the effects that are produced.
C.
was legal in the United States until 1914.
D.
can produce psychotic reactions, especially in people who are psychologically unstable.


31.
_____ are highly addictive drugs that suppress appetite, produce euphoria, and reduce fatigue.
A.
Barbiturates
B.
Opiates
C.
Percodan and Demerol
D.
Amphetamines


32.
Kenyon was picked up by police after he became extremely violent and aggressive at a street party. After he attacked two of the police officers, they put handcuffs on him but he seemed invulnerable to pain. Even after he was put in the back of the squad car, he was completely disoriented and seemed to have no idea where he was. Kenyon was probably under the influence of which of the following drugs?
A.
marijuana
B.
MDMA (ecstasy)
C.
heroin
D.
PCP (phencyclidine)


33.
Which of the following best defines hypnosis?
A.
A sleep-like trance in which a person loses control of his or her behavior and all sense of self.
B.
A cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist's suggestions.
C.
A condition in which a person's subconscious impulses and ideas become conscious and accessible to the trained hypnotist.
D.
One of the five sleep stages, which typically occurs just before a person awakens.


34.
What is a lucid dream?
A.
It is the term researchers use to describe REM activity in dogs, cats, and other mammals.
B.
A dream in which you become aware that you are dreaming while you are still asleep.
C.
It is the term that researchers use to describe a sexual dream.
D.
It is a dream in which you are killed or die.


35.
In psychoanalytic theory, the disguised, symbolic meaning of dreams is called the:
A.
manifest content.
B.
primal content.
C.
latent content.
D.
lucid content.


36.
According to the activation-synthesis model of dreaming:
A.
dreams are completely meaningless.
B.
the imagery in dreams is highly symbolic of repressed urges, wishes, and desires.
C.
dreams are meaningful insofar as they reflect how the dreamer imposes personal meaning on the images generated by his or her brain.
D.
sleepwalking is most likely to occur during the activation phase of dreaming while sleeptalking is most likely to occur during the synthesis phase of dreaming.


37.
Carlotta is a research assistant in the college sleep lab. As she monitored the EEG recording of a sleeping subject in the lab, she noted the presence of theta brain waves, sleep spindles, and K complexes. Carlotta concludes that the subject is in:
A.
REM sleep.
B.
stage 4 NREM.
C.
a hypnagogic hallucination.
D.
stage 2 NREM.


38.
Bill was riding his bike down the highway when a pick-up truck side-swiped him, knocked him off his bicycle, and sped off without stopping. Bill was badly injured, and can't remember the truck's license plate number, although he knows he saw it when the truck sped off after hitting him. A police detective suggests that Bill try to recall the license plate number under hypnosis. If Bill was able to recall the memory under hypnosis, this would be an example of a hypnotic phenomenon called:
A.
posthypnotic amnesia.
B.
hypermnesia.
C.
dissociation.
D.
regression.


39.
The cycles of NREM sleep and REM sleep begin:
A.
during fetal development.
B.
almost immediately after birth.
C.
about six months after birth.
D.
when the infant is about one year old.


40.
Jared regularly takes a pain reliever for his back pain. After a few weeks, he notices that he needs to increase the amount of pain-relieving drug that he takes each day in order to achieve the same level of pain relief. The phenomenon that Jared is experiencing is called:
A.
drug tolerance.
B.
the drug rebound effect.
C.
withdrawal symptoms.
D.
drug abuse.


41.
As you are taking this test right now, you are aware of your thoughts, sensations, memories, and different aspects of the surrounding environment. Collectively, this awareness is referred to as:
A.
dissociation.
B.
consciousness.
C.
hypnagogic perception.
D.
delta brain wave activity.


42.
You have been asked to serve drinks at your friend's wedding. He asks you to make sure that no one drinks too much liquor, so you try to keep track of how much each guest is drinking. In order to make sure that no one drinks too much, you need to know how much alcohol is in each drink. Which of the following contains the MOST alcohol?
A.
one ounce of 80-proof whiskey
B.
four ounces of wine
C.
a twelve-ounce can of beer
D.
One ounce of whiskey, four ounces of wine, and twelve ounces of beer all contain the same amount of alcohol.


43.
The active ingredient in marijuana is:
A.
serotonin.
B.
lysergic acid diethylamide.
C.
THC.
D.
psilocybin.


44.
According to the information presented in the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.
The sleep/wake cycle and the mental alertness cycle are the only two circadian rhythms that humans demonstrate.
B.
Under normal conditions, each of our circadian rhythms operates on a “free-running” schedule that varies from one day to the next.
C.
There are over 100 bodily processes that systematically vary over the course of each day.
D.
Men and women have fundamentally different circadian rhythms.


45.
Psychologist Ernest Hilgard uses the term hidden observer to refer to the:
A.
fact that the hypnotized person experiences multiple personalities.
B.
stream of mental activity that the hypnotized person is not consciously aware of yet continues to process.
C.
use of a second hypnotist during hypnotic training sessions.
D.
fact that the hypnotized person is often unaware of other people in the room.


46.
In the activation-synthesis model of dreaming, what is activated?
A.
the dreamer's repressed urges and wishes
B.
circuits at the base of the brain that arouse more sophisticated brain areas, such as visual and auditory centers
C.
lucid dreams in which the dreamer becomes aware that he or she is dreaming
D.
dream goggles that signal the sleeper that REM sleep is occurring


47.
According to _____, dreaming is our subjective awareness of the brain's internally generated signals that occur repeatedly throughout the process of a night's sleep.
A.
the activation-synthesis model of dreaming
B.
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory
C.
Stephen LaBerge's model of lucid dreaming
D.
the evolutionary theory of sleep


48.
Meditation techniques that involve focusing your awareness on an image, a word, a phrase, or your breathing are referred to as _____ techniques.
A.
beta
B.
dissociation
C.
opening-up
D.
concentration


49.
The best candidates for hypnosis are people who:
A.
are very shy and easily influenced.
B.
can easily become immersed in fantasy and imaginary experiences.
C.
seldom remember their dreams.
D.
frequently have lucid dreams.


50.
When a group of healthy young men were restricted to sleeping four hours per night for a week:
A.
there was a deterioration in normal body functioning, including disruptions in body metabolism and glucose levels.
B.
they showed no impairment on tests of intellectual and perceptual abilities.
C.
no detectable physical changes occurred but approximately half of the research participants showed symptoms of depression.
D.
half of the research participants gravitated back to their normal sleeping schedule during the first two weeks following the study.


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