Name: __________________________ Date: _____________



1.
Loudness is to _____ as pitch is to _____.
A.
frequency; timbre
B.
complexity; amplitude
C.
audition; gustation
D.
amplitude; frequency


2.
You are able to maintain your equilibrium and balance because of the:
A.
kinesthetic sense.
B.
vestibular sense.
C.
equilibrium sense.
D.
olfactory sense.


3.
From the optic chiasm, visual information travels first to the _____.
A.
visual cortex
B.
thalamus
C.
optic nerve
D.
feature detectors


4.
As you walk on the beach, every detail of the rocks, shells, and sand beneath your feet seem crisp and distinct. As you look further down the beach, however, the details of the ground in the distance seem fuzzy and blurred. Because of the depth perception cue of _____, you perceive the ground beneath your feet to be much closer than the ground that extends into the distance.
A.
psychokinesis
B.
texture gradient
C.
convergence
D.
linear perspective


5.
The ability to accurately gauge the distance of the coffee cup on your desk as you reach for it is called:
A.
motion parallax.
B.
linear perception.
C.
accommodation.
D.
depth perception.


6.
Your exercise teacher instructs you to do five deep knee bends. Your ability to do knee bends without toppling over involves your _____ sense.
A.
kinesthetic
B.
auditory
C.
vestibular
D.
skin


7.
If your hammer, anvil, and stirrup become brittle or damaged:
A.
it will be very difficult to shoe a horse.
B.
the oval window will vibrate with greater intensity.
C.
you may develop conduction deafness.
D.
the hair cells will degenerate.


8.
In the famous Müller-Lyer illusion, it appears as though:
A.
water is running uphill.
B.
one line is longer than the other even though the lines are actually identical in length.
C.
two parallel lines meet in the distance even though they actually remain perfectly parallel to one another.
D.
a dot is moving.


9.
Identify the sequence that correctly represents the path taken by light signals through the eye.
A.
lens, pupil, accommodation, retina
B.
cornea, pupil, lens, retina
C.
cornea, lens, iris, retina
D.
lens, iris, retina, pupil


10.
Changes in your body position are sensed by specialized receptors located in your muscles and joints, which are called:
A.
kinesthetic receptors.
B.
vestibular sacs.
C.
proprioceptors.
D.
vestibular canals.


11.
Feedback from the muscles of the eye can help us judge the distance of an object, because the lens of the eye thickens when we change our focus from a distant object to a nearby object. This visual cue is called:
A.
relative size.
B.
accommodation.
C.
linear perspective.
D.
assimilation.


12.
Rods are used for vision in _____ light, and cones are used for vision in _____ light.
A.
retinal; fovea
B.
black; white
C.
dim; bright
D.
colorful; black and white


13.
The primary tastes include:
A.
sweet, sour, vinegar, and citrus.
B.
sweet, sour, alkaline, acid, and salty.
C.
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami (MSG).
D.
bland, sharp, sweet, salty, and umami (MSG).


14.
The “carpentered-world hypothesis” refers to the fact that:
A.
people in nonindustrialized, rural countries are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion because of their lack of experience with right angles.
B.
people in urban environments and developed countries are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion because of their experience with right angles.
C.
because perceptual principles are shared by people all over the world, all humans are equally susceptible to the same perceptual illusions.
D.
in some societies, perceptual illusions simply do not exist.


15.
Rods are to cones as _____ is(are) to _____.
A.
less specific visual information; more specific visual information
B.
color; bright light conditions
C.
bipolar cells; ganglion cells
D.
the iris; the pupil


16.
According to your textbook, factors that can INCREASE the perception of pain include:
A.
laughter.
B.
a sense of control, whether justified or not.
C.
anxiety and a sense of helplessness.
D.
distraction.


17.
Pain begins when an intense stimulus activates sensory fibers called _____ in the skin, muscles, or internal organs.
A.
nociceptors
B.
Pacinian corpuscles
C.
proprioceptors
D.
spinal cord gates


18.
Rods are most prevalent in which area of the eye?
A.
the periphery or edges of the retina
B.
the fovea or center of the retina
C.
the pupil
D.
the cornea and lens


19.
The moon illusion refers to the observation that:
A.
when a crescent-shaped object is viewed from one side, it casts a dramatically different image on the retina than when it is viewed from the opposite side.
B.
over a period of four weeks, the moon appears to dramatically change its shape and size.
C.
the full moon looks much larger on the horizon than it does when it is in the sky directly above you.
D.
craters on the moon create the appearance of a human face on the moon.


20.
Gustation is to olfaction as _____ is to _____.
A.
taste; smell
B.
audition; hearing
C.
smell; taste
D.
hearing; smell


21.
Visual acuity is highest when images are focused on the fovea because of the high concentration of _____ in that region.
A.
rods
B.
bipolar cells
C.
cones
D.
peripheral cells


22.
When Andrew had his hearing tested, some sounds were too soft for him to detect. These sounds were below his _____ for hearing.
A.
difference threshold
B.
sensory threshold
C.
Weber's threshold
D.
transduction threshold


23.
According to frequency theory, the basilar membrane:
A.
is unable to transmit high-frequency sounds.
B.
vibrates at three times the frequency of the sound wave.
C.
vibrates at the same frequency as the sound wave.
D.
is involved in the transmission of low-frequency sounds but not high-frequency sounds.


24.
The smallest possible difference between two stimuli that can be detected is called the:
A.
difference threshold, or just noticeable difference.
B.
sensory adaptation principle.
C.
transduction principle.
D.
original incoming stimuli.


25.
The tendency to group objects that are close to one another as a single unit is called the:
A.
law of closure.
B.
law of similarity.
C.
law of proximity.
D.
law of good continuation.


26.
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in hearing?
A.
inner ear, middle ear, outer ear
B.
pinna, ear canal, eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window, cochlea, basilar membrane, hair cells, auditory nerve
C.
pinna, ear canal, oval window, stirrup, anvil, hammer, cochlea, hair cells, basilar membrane
D.
pinna, ear canal, basilar membrane, eardrum, cochlea, oval window, anvil, hammer, stirrup, hair cells, auditory nerve


27.
What region of the eye has the largest concentration of cones?
A.
the periphery
B.
the iris
C.
the optic nerve
D.
the fovea


28.
The visual sensory receptor cells that transform light energy into a neural signal are the:
A.
bipolar cells in the blind spot.
B.
pupil and lens.
C.
corneal cells in the optic nerve.
D.
rods and cones in the retina.


29.
Both Myra and Ben have worn glasses since they were children, but Myra is extremely nearsighted, and Ben is extremely farsighted. Both Myra and Ben have:
A.
abnormally shaped eyeballs.
B.
abnormally shaped retinas.
C.
malfunctioning cones.
D.
malfunctioning bipolar cells.


30.
The sensory receptors for vision are:
A.
found in the pupil.
B.
the rods and cones of the retina.
C.
the lens and cornea.
D.
distributed throughout the inner eye.


31.
The brain receives less detailed information from the _____ than from the _____.
A.
lens; cones
B.
cones; rods
C.
rods; cones
D.
lens; cones


32.
The outer ear consists of the:
A.
earlobe and eardrum.
B.
pinna and earlobe.
C.
timbre, earlobe, and skin.
D.
pinna, ear canal, and eardrum.


33.
Because of the law of _____, you perceive the following as two groups of Os that are separated by a group of dashes: OOOOOOOOOO----------OOOOOOOOOO
A.
similarity
B.
closure
C.
good continuation
D.
proximity


34.
When sensory receptors convert different forms of energy into neural signals, the process is known as:
A.
depolarization.
B.
transduction.
C.
sensory accommodation.
D.
relative to absolute threshold conversion.


35.
What is the main reason many, if not most, psychologists doubt that extrasensory perception exists?
A.
The failure to replicate experiments that seem to demonstrate the existence of extrasensory perception.
B.
The fact that extrasensory perception is not taught in accredited graduate schools.
C.
The inability to scientifically test claims of extrasensory perception.
D.
The fact that the scientific method cannot be applied to the topic of extrasensory perception.


36.
Feature detectors are:
A.
the light-sensitive receptors that signal the pupil to expand or contract.
B.
highly specialized receptor cells in the retina that respond to particular wavelengths of light.
C.
the highly specialized receptor cells found in some insects and reptiles that respond to invisible ultraviolet or infrared light waves.
D.
highly specialized neurons in the visual cortex that respond to particular types of visual stimuli.


37.
In psychology, the term sensation formally refers to:
A.
a vague feeling of excitement or pleasure.
B.
the process of detecting a physical stimulus.
C.
the transformation of physical energy into chemical energy.
D.
the interpretation and organization of sensory stimuli.


38.
Vision is to _____ as audition is to _____.
A.
light; retina
B.
proprioceptors; vestibular sacs
C.
rods and cones; hair cells
D.
balance; substance P


39.
As you drive down the highway, a child in the back seat asks why the tall buildings downtown are moving so slowly when the roadside is moving so quickly. Because you have read your psychology text, you are able to answer her question by responding that this is an example of:
A.
linear perspective.
B.
relative size.
C.
aerial perspective.
D.
motion parallax.


40.
Our perception of sound is directly related to the physical properties of:
A.
sound waves.
B.
light waves.
C.
electromagnetic waves.
D.
chemical substances.


41.
From the thalamus, visual signals are sent to the _____, where they are interpreted.
A.
midbrain
B.
temporal lobe
C.
visual cortex
D.
optic chiasm


42.
Each eye contains about _____ rods and about _____ cones.
A.
7 million; 125 million
B.
25; 200
C.
1 million; 3 million
D.
125 million; 7 million


43.
John puts one toe into the swimming pool and shivers because the water is so cold. He grits his teeth and dives in anyway. After about ten minutes, the temperature of the water seems quite comfortable to him. This example illustrates the principle of:
A.
sensory difference.
B.
just noticeable difference, or jnd.
C.
relative threshold.
D.
sensory adaptation.


44.
What causes the eardrum to vibrate?
A.
vibrations transmitted by the oval window
B.
the vibration of the hammer and anvil
C.
sound waves that are funneled down the ear canal
D.
the rippling of the basilar membrane


45.
Perceiving motion often involves the psychological assumption that the _____ is moving and the _____ is stationary.
A.
monocular cue; binocular cue
B.
larger object; smaller object
C.
ground; figure.
D.
figure; ground.


46.
The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory information in a way that is meaningful is called:
A.
sensation.
B.
perception.
C.
kinesthesia.
D.
transduction.


47.
Hiking in the woods, you keep swatting at the irritating mosquitoes that land on your face. Later, you're surprised to discover a number of itchy mosquito bites on the backs of your legs. The reason you noticed the mosquitoes landing on your face but did not notice the mosquitoes landing on your legs is probably that:
A.
there are more sensory receptors in your facial skin than in the skin on the backs of your legs.
B.
there is no difference in sensitivity between the skin on your face and the skin on your legs, but you were able to hear the mosquitoes buzzing near your face, and you couldn't hear the mosquitoes that landed on your legs.
C.
there are no Pacinian corpuscles in the skin on your legs.
D.
heat from your leg muscles masked the sensation of biting mosquitoes.


48.
Hearing is to _____ as smell is to _____.
A.
sound waves; light waves
B.
sound waves; airborne molecules
C.
pressure; touch
D.
sound; pressure


49.
The muscle that controls the amount of light entering the pupil is the:
A.
iris.
B.
cornea.
C.
retina.
D.
fovea.


50.
Smell and taste receptors respond to what type of stimulus?
A.
light
B.
invisible electromagnetic waves
C.
chemical
D.
electrical



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