The two main divisions of the nervous system are the _____ and the _____.

As you are taking a test, you inadvertently drop your pencil, reach down, pick it up, and put it back on the desk. This voluntary action involved motor signals that were communicated out to your muscles via the _____ nervous system.

The most famous case study in the history of brain research involved the accidental injury of a railroad worker named Phineas Gage. The profound changes in Gage's behavior occurred because of damage to which brain area?

The amount of information that a neuron can receive increases with the number of _____ that the neuron has.

Which statement most accurately describes the length of axons?

Lesions of the brain result in _____, whereas electrical stimulation of the brain results in _____.

The occipital lobe is to _____ as the temporal lobe is to _____.

The heightened physical arousal that characterizes the fight-or-flight response involves the _____ branch of the nervous system.

During the war in Iraq, some U.S. troops carried atropine injection kits as an antidote to nerve gas. How does the drug atropine counteract nerve gas?

Which of the following statements about the axon is FALSE?

Using sophisticated computer software to simulate the damage to Phineas Gage's brain, what did neuroscientists Hanna and Antonio Damasio conclude?

Acetylcholine:

After too many drinks at a party, your friend awkwardly stumbles into a table, almost knocking it over. Your friend's coordination for simple actions, such as walking between two tables, is reduced because the alcohol has affected his:

Some native peoples of South America use the drug curare to poison the tips of their hunting arrows. When an animal is struck by the arrow, it goes limp and quickly suffocates. Why?

Of the following brain structures, which is associated with the emotional responses of fear, disgust, and anger?

Too little dopamine in the brain is associated with symptoms of:

You were reading a novel on a lazy Sunday afternoon when your six-year-old niece asked if you would help her sort through and find the right Lego pieces to make an airplane just like the one in the Lego design booklet. Reading the novel most likely involved your _____ hemisphere, while matching the Lego design most likely involved your _____ hemisphere.

Antianxiety medications, such as Valium and Xanax, work by _____ in the brain.

Parkinson's disease is caused by the degeneration of neurons that produce:

In the college cafeteria, your friend Larry, who is an art major, loudly proclaims that because he is an artist he is right-brained and it's no wonder he's having trouble with his college algebra class. Because you have read this chapter, you are able to tell him that:

After surgery, physicians may prescribe a medication to relieve pain. Such a medication would most likely mimic the effects of _____.

Like other people afflicted with _____, actor Michael J. Fox takes a medication that increases _____ levels to help control symptoms of the disease.

Why was the split-brain operation first performed?

The limbic system refers to:

The primary communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called:

Based on studies with rats, it is clear the exposure to environmental enrichment:

Prozac and cocaine are very different drugs, but they achieve their effects through the same mechanism of action. What is that mechanism?

The adrenal glands produce hormones that are involved in:

Which of the following statements about the Phineas Gage story is TRUE?

Which of the following signals muscles to relax or contract?

Each cerebral hemisphere can be roughly divided into four lobes. Which lobe processes auditory information?

Which of the following drugs is chemically similar to the endorphins?

According to the chapter Application, living in an enriched environment has been shown to:

If a postsynaptic neuron receives an excitatory and an inhibitory message at the same time, what happens?

Which of the following results have NOT been reported in rats that have been raised in an enriched environment as compared to rats raised in an impoverished environment?

In general, the sympathetic nervous system _____, while the parasympathetic nervous system _____.

Your nephew's eyes suddenly light up and he reaches out, executes a double-jump of your checker pieces, then smiles at you triumphantly. The brain signals for these voluntary actions originated in the _____ of your nephew's brain.

Another word for “epinephrine” is:

The discoveries of Pierre Paul Broca and Karl Wernicke:

Thomas was distracted as he was cooking, and he inadvertently touched a very hot dish. Instantaneously, he jerked his hand back, a reflexive action that was processed:

The three basic types of neurons are:

Six-year-old Gary couldn't stop throwing up after hitting his head. To help detect possible damage or brain swelling, doctors took a detailed image of the boy's brain structures using harmless magnetic fields. What instrument was used?

Which glands produce melatonin, a hormone that helps to regulate our sleep-wake cycle?

The all-or-none law refers to the fact that:

Which of the following brain structures is NOT a key component of the limbic system?

Nerve gas has been used by the military in some countries to attack others. How does nerve gas kill?

The statement that most people only use about 10% of their brain:

When neurotransmitters communicate an excitatory message to the postsynaptic neuron:

The two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the _____ nervous system and the _____ nervous system.

Broca's area is located on the _____, whereas Wernicke's area is located on the _____.