Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser is a health psychologist studying whether stress impairs the body's ability to heal. In the highly stressful week before final exams, dental students are given an oral punch biopsy--a small sample of gum tissue is removed. The number of days for the oral wound to completely heal is recorded. The same dental students receive a second oral punch biopsy during summer vacation. Once again, the number of days until the oral wound completely healed was recorded. What is the independent variable in this study?

_____ is to psychoanalysis as _____ is to humanistic psychology.

Psychoanalysis emphasized:

The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on:

Who conditioned dogs to reflexively salivate to the sound of a bell rather than food?

Which of the following statements about Mary Whiton Calkins is FALSE?

Wilhelm Wundt:

Which of the following approaches dominated American psychology for the first half of the 20th century?

When researchers create questions to investigate, generate evidence, and draw conclusions, they are guided by a set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that is (are) called:

The word replicate refers to:

Random assignment refers to a procedure that:

A meta-analysis is most useful when:

With which behaviorist would you associate the procedures of reinforcement and punishment?

Key figures in the development of behaviorism include:

During her first trip abroad, Paula was surprised to find that people in other cultures ate such foods as snails, squid, insects, lizards, earthworms, and seaweed. “One day they will become civilized like us and eat normal foods like donuts, pizza, hot dogs, and hamburgers and fries,” she e-mailed her parents. Paula's remarks reflect a tendency called:

Dr. Martinez is studying the effects of diet on mental alertness. Each morning for two weeks, subjects in Dr. Martinez's study eat a breakfast that is either high in carbohydrates or high in protein. Dr. Martinez then measures the subjects' abilities at solving geometry problems. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Lynn has just received a research grant to study the effect of downsizing on morale at a large computer company. Lynn is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

Which of the following people emphasized conscious experiences and each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction?

Your textbook authors have created a model that identifies the different steps in the evaluation process of the scientific method. This model is known as the _____ model.

An illusory correlation is:

Research on social loafing demonstrated that European subjects engage in social loafing whereas Chinese subjects display the opposite behavior. These results illustrate the importance of _____ psychology.

Empirical evidence refers to evidence that is the result of:

Watson and Skinner's contentions that psychology should study the laws of learning and outwardly observable behavior form the basis of which perspective in contemporary psychology?

As a subject in an experiment, you are told to look at a coffee mug carefully and then report all of your sensations and feelings about the coffee mug after viewing it. What psychological technique have you been told to use?

What is social loafing?

The purpose of using a double-blind research design is to:

In a natural experiment:

Based on a friend's suggestion, Nicole aligned her bed so that its head pointed to magnetic north. Nicole's friend told her this would help align the electrical impulses in her body and improve blood circulation to her brain. After sleeping this way for a week, Nicole felt that her ability to concentrate while studying had improved and her test scores also seemed to improve. Nicole became a believer in the positive benefits of sleeping with your head pointed to magnetic north. Only later did Nicole learn that there is no scientific evidence to support such notions. Nicole's perception that sleeping this way had beneficial effects is best explained as being an example of:

In an experiment, the control group is:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collectivistic cultures?

In trying to make sense out of the unusual experimental results, Dr. Kling and Dr. Hunger carefully reviewed a video tape of the experimental assistant interacting with the research participants. “Look at that!” said Dr. Hunger as he pointed at the screen. “He's smiling as he hands the fake vitamins to the participants in the placebo control group but he didn't smile when he handed the real vitamins to the participants in the experimental group.” “Well,” said Dr. Kling, shaking his head, “it looks like we'll have to invalidate the experiment because:

Of the following correlation coefficients, which represents the strongest relationship between two factors?

Which of the following is an important advantage of surveys?

The research method that is used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effects on another variable is called:

The _____ perspective emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior, including the nervous system and genetics.

What was a limitation of the video game playing survey by researchers Craig Anderson and Karen Dill?

Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who helps people develop choices and self-direction in striving to reach their fullest potential. Dr. Barongon probably subscribes to the _____ perspective of psychology.

The early school of psychology called behaviorism:

One of the pie charts presented in chapter 1 listed the specialty areas of psychologists who had recently received their doctorates. Which specialty area was the most popular choice?

A correlational study:

Psychologists who take the evolutionary perspective:

What percentage of psychological studies in any given year involve nonhuman animals as subjects?

What was NOT a criticism of introspection as a technique?

“I hate doing group projects in my classes,” Hillary complained. “When we do a group project, people just don't work as hard as they do when they are working alone.” Hillary's observation reflects a psychological phenomenon called:

One of the pie charts presented in chapter 1 listed the primary employment settings for psychologists. What was the most common employment setting for psychologists?

Psychology research using animals as research subjects:

Professor Lyon decided to study food preferences of U.S. college students, so he asked his students to volunteer to participate in a lengthy survey. Professor Lyon's survey results are probably invalid because he did not use:

In a study of children's reading abilities, one group of 8-year-olds is exposed to a new program that supposedly enhances reading abilities. Another group is taught with standard methods for teaching reading. Results of the study indicated that the children taught with the new program learned to read more complex material than did the group who were exposed to the standard teaching methods. In this study, which is the control group?

A hypothesis is:

In psychological research, the practice effect refers to: