Two historical roots of psychology are the disciplines of:
philosophy and chemistry.
physiology and chemistry.
philosophy and biology.
philosophy and physics.
To say that "psychology is a science" means that:
psychologists study only observable behaviors.
psychologists approach the study of thoughts and actions with careful observation and rigorous analysis.
psychological research should be free of value judgments.
all of the above are true.
Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions we use to express anger and fear are inherited?
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
social-cultural
Heredity is to environment as the evolutionary perspective is to the ________ perspective.
neuroscience
psychodynamic
A fraternity brother rationalizes the fact that he spends very little time studying by saying that he "doesn't want to peak too soon and have the test material become stale." You tell him that:
he is probably overestimating his knowledge of the material.
if he devotes extra time to studying, his retention of the material will be improved.
the more often students review material, the better their exam scores.
Sensations, dreams, beliefs, and feelings are:
examples of behavior.
examples of subjective experiences.
not considered appropriate subject matter for psychology today.
b and c.
Innate ability is to learned skill as ________ is to ________.
Aristotle; Plato
nature; nurture
psychohistory; psycholinguistics
Pavlov; Wundt
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction of the brain and body in behavior?
neuroscience perspective
cognitive perspective
behavioral perspective
behavior genetics perspective
evolutionary perspective
Psychologists who study, assess, and treat troubled people are called:
basic researchers.
applied psychologists.
clinical psychologists.
psychiatrists.
Dr. Roberts engages in basic research involving the construction and validation of tests designed to assess individual differences in traits such as anxiety and self-esteem. Which specialty area does her research best represent?
social psychology
biological psychology
industrial/organizational psychology
personality psychology
Which psychological specialists are most likely to be involved in applied research?
industrial/organizational psychologists
developmental psychologists
personality psychologists
biological psychologists
John Watson is to Wilhelm Wundt as ________ is to ________.
heredity; environment
observable behavior; inner sensations
mental illness; psychotherapy
cognitive perspective; psychoanalytic perspective
The philosophical views of John Locke are to those of Rene Descartes as ________ is to ________.
nurture; nature
rationality; irrationality
irrationality; rationality
Which of the following disciplines had the greatest influence on the way Wundt, Pavlov, Freud, and Piaget approached the study of psychology?
biology
sociology
political science
chemistry
For no apparent reason, Jim has recently begun to feel so tense and anxious that he frequently stays home from work. It would be most beneficial for Jim to contact a(n) ________ psychologist.
industrial/organizational
clinical
personality
biological
The suggestion that psychology is less a set of facts than a method of evaluating ideas best highlights the ________ nature of psychology.
youthful
scientific
introspective
Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, "Psychology is the science of mental life"?
Wilhelm Wundt
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
virtually any American psychologist during the 1960s
Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?
Plato
Aristotle
John Locke
Charles Darwin
Dr. Robinson conducts basic research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent?
clinical psychology
Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has learned to play the piano because she consistently rewards his efforts to learn with praise and affection. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.
behavior genetics
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