The Greek philosopher who believed that intelligence was inherited was:
Aristotle.
Plato.
Descartes.
Simonides.
The first psychology laboratory was established in ________ by ________.
Russia; Ivan Pavlov
Austria; Sigmund Freud
Germany; Wilhelm Wundt
the United States; William James
Which perspective emphasizes the learning of observable responses?
behavioral
social-cultural
neuroscience
cognitive
In concluding her report on the "nature-nurture debate in contemporary psychology," Karen notes that:
most psychologists believe that nature is a more important influence on the development of most human traits.
most psychologists believe that nurture is more influential.
the issue is more heatedly debated than ever before.
nurture works on what nature endows.
Which subfield is most directly concerned with studying human behavior in the workplace?
clinical psychology
personality psychology
industrial/organizational psychology
psychiatry
Sensations, dreams, beliefs, and feelings are:
examples of behavior.
examples of subjective experiences.
not considered appropriate subject matter for psychology today.
b and c.
Psychologists who study the degree to which genes influence our personality are working within the ________ perspective.
evolutionary
behavior genetics
Wilhelm Wundt used the research method known as:
neuroscience.
introspection.
psychoanalysis.
massed practice.
PRTR.
Jawan believes that psychologists should go back to using introspection as a research tool. This technique is based upon:
survey methodology.
experimentation.
self-examination of mental processes.
the study of observable behavior.
In psychology, "behavior" is best defined as:
anything a person says, does, or feels.
any action we can observe and record.
any action, whether observable or not.
anything we can infer from a person's actions.
Dr. Weaver conducts basic research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to remember visual images. Dr. Weaver is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
biological
clinical
social
Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist.
developmental
industrial/organizational
Which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature and nurture on our behavior?
the issue of the relative influence of biology and experience on behavior
the issue of the relative influence of rewards and punishments on behavior
the debate as to the relative importance of heredity and instinct in determining behavior
the debate as to whether mental processes are a legitimate area of scientific study
Who wrote an important 1890 psychology textbook?
Wilhelm Wundt
Ivan Pavlov
Jean Piaget
William James
Sigmund Freud
A psychologist who explores how Asian and North American definitions of attractiveness differ is working within the ________ perspective.
Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has learned to play the piano because she consistently rewards his efforts to learn with praise and affection. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.
psychodynamic
Dr. Lewis is involved in an applied research study of customer satisfaction with a newly developed line of facial cosmetics and other beauty aids. Dr. Lewis is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
personality
Who suggested that the mind at birth is but a "tabula rasa" upon which experience writes?
Charles Darwin
Rene Descartes
Plato
John Locke
During a dinner conversation, a friend says that the cognitive and behavioral perspectives are quite similar. You disagree and point out that the cognitive perspective emphasizes ________, whereas the behavioral perspective emphasizes ________.
conscious processes; observable responses
unconscious processes; conscious processes
overt behaviors; covert behaviors
introspection; experimentation
Which perspective most clearly emphasizes the impact of learning on behavior?
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