1.

Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.

A.

short-term

B.

implicit

C.

mood-congruent

D.

explicit

E.

automatic



2.

A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.

A.

state-dependent

B.

flashbulb

C.

short-term

D.

sensory

E.

implicit



3.

Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited storage capacity?

A.

echoic memory

B.

short-term memory

C.

long-term memory

D.

state-dependent memory



4.

Passing an electric current through the brain during electroconvulsive therapy is most likely to disrupt ________ memory.

A.

implicit

B.

mood-congruent

C.

short-term

D.

flashbulb



5.

When he was 8 years old, Frank was questioned by the police about a summer camp counselor suspected of molesting children. Even though he was not, in fact, molested by the counselor, today 19-year-old Frank "remembers" the counselor touching him inappropriately. Frank's false memory is an example of which "sin" of memory?

A.

blocking

B.

transience

C.

misattribution

D.

suggestibility



6.

George has learned the sentence "My Very Earnest Mother Just Showed Us Nine Planets" as a way to remember the names of the nine planets. This illustrates the use of:

A.

the method of loci.

B.

mnemonics.

C.

the spacing effect.

D.

the "peg-word" system.

E.

automatic processing.



7.

Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.

A.

short-term; long-term

B.

long-term; short-term

C.

implicit; explicit

D.

explicit; implicit

E.

iconic; echoic



8.

Memory techniques such as the method of loci, acronyms, and the peg-word system are called:

A.

consolidation devices.

B.

imagery techniques.

C.

encoding strategies.

D.

mnemonic devices.



9.

When Sperling visually displayed three rows of three letters each for only 1/20th of a second, experimental participants:

A.

recalled only half the letters because they had insufficient time to see all of them.

B.

recalled only about seven of the letters due to memory storage limitations.

C.

had a momentary photographic memory of all nine letters.

D.

recalled all the letters in any particular row when given a special recall signal several seconds after the letters had disappeared.



10.

An understanding of the different brain circuits involved in implicit and explicit memory is most helpful for explaining:

A.

the serial position effect.

B.

the spacing effect.

C.

repression.

D.

state-dependent memory.

E.

infantile amnesia.



11.

In describing what he calls the seven sins of memory, Daniel Schacter suggests that storage decay contributes to:

A.

absent-mindedness.

B.

repression.

C.

transience.

D.

implicit memory.



12.

The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect.

A.

serial position

B.

misinformation

C.

next-in-line

D.

priming

E.

spacing



13.

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called:

A.

state-dependent memory.

B.

retroactive interference.

C.

the serial position effect.

D.

the spacing effect.

E.

proactive interference.



14.

Immediately after participants at a business seminar took turns introducing themselves, Anne remembered everybody's name except for the person who introduced himself just before she did. This best illustrates that memory is influenced by:

A.

the spacing effect.

B.

long-term potentiation.

C.

the serial position effect.

D.

retrieval failure.

E.

rehearsal.



15.

Retroactive interference involves the disruption of:

A.

encoding.

B.

storage.

C.

retrieval.

D.

all the above.



16.

During her psychology test, Marsha could not remember the meaning of the term "proactive interference." Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of:

A.

automatic processing.

B.

the serial position effect.

C.

the spacing effect.

D.

the method of loci.

E.

the next-in-line effect.



17.

When memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus was an adolescent, her uncle incorrectly insisted that as a child she had found her own mother's drowned body. Loftus herself later falsely recollected finding the body. This best illustrates:

A.

proactive interference.

B.

implicit memory.

C.

the self-reference effect.

D.

the misinformation effect.

E.

mood-congruent memory.



18.

A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory.

A.

iconic

B.

implicit

C.

short-term

D.

state-dependent

E.

long-term



19.

Elaine recalls last year's Paris vacation more positively than she evaluated it when it occurred. This best illustrates:

A.

the self-reference effect.

B.

source amnesia.

C.

proactive interference.

D.

rosy retrospection.

E.

the spacing effect.



20.

Walking through the halls of his high school 10 years after graduation, Tom experienced a flood of old memories. Tom's experience showed the role of:

A.

state-dependent memory.

B.

context effects.

C.

retroactive interference.

D.

echoic memory.

E.

iconic memory.




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