Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense?
touch
kinesthesis
audition
vision
smell
Difference thresholds are smaller for the ________ than for the ________.
brightness of lights; pitch of sounds
weight of objects; pitch of sounds
brightness of lights; weight of objects
pitch of sounds; brightness of lights
Color constancy refers to the fact that:
light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting.
objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes.
the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness.
the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength.
Hubel and Wiesel discovered feature detectors in the ________ of a monkey's visual system.
fovea
optic nerve
iris
cortex
retina
Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?
olfactory receptors
feature detectors
basilar membranes
bipolar cells
semicircular canals
According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to ________ light are inhibited by exposure to ________ light.
green; blue
yellow; red
green; red
red; blue
yellow; green
The process by which sensory information is converted into neural energy is:
sensory adaptation.
feature detection.
signal detection.
transduction.
parallel processing.
Damage to the fovea would probably have the LEAST effect on visual sensitivity to ________ stimuli.
brilliantly colored
finely detailed
dimly illuminated
highly familiar
The brain breaks vision into separate dimensions such as color, depth, movement, and form, and works on each aspect simultaneously. This is called:
accommodation.
opponent processing.
Frequency theory is to pitch as the Young-Helmholtz theory is to:
pain.
amplitude.
hue.
kinesthesis.
brightness.
Seventy-five-year-old Claude has difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds. Most likely his hearing problem involves:
his eardrum.
his auditory canal.
the bones of his middle ear.
the hair cells of his inner ear.
Which of the following is the most accurate description of how we process color?
Throughout the visual system, color processing is divided into separate red, green, and blue systems.
Red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white opponent processes operate throughout the visual system.
Color processing occurs in two stages: (1) a three-color system in the retina and (2) opponent-process cells en route to the visual cortex.
Color processing occurs in two stages: (1) an opponent-process system in the retina and (2) a three-color system en route to the visual cortex.
The sense of touch includes the four basic sensations of:
pleasure, pain, warmth, and cold.
pain, pressure, hot, and cold.
wetness, pain, hot, and cold.
pressure, pain, warmth, and cold.
The receptor of the eye that functions best in dim light is the:
fovea.
ganglion cell.
cone.
bipolar cell.
rod.
Accommodation refers to the:
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints.
quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation.
process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages.
process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.
Subliminally presented stimuli:
can sometimes be consciously perceived.
effectively influence purchases of consumer goods.
increase our dislike for certain geometric figures.
are usually mentally processed as completely as any other stimuli.
The sensation of hot results from the simultaneous stimulation of adjacent ________ spots on the skin.
warmth and pain
pain and cold
cold and warmth
warmth and pressure
Of the four distinct skin senses, specialized receptor cells have been identified for the sense of:
pressure.
warmth.
cold.
The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called:
sensory interaction.
Which of the following explains why a rose appears equally red in bright and dim light?
the Young-Helmholtz theory
the opponent-process theory
feature detection
color constancy
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