A belief that adult personality is completely determined in early childhood years would be most relevant to the issue of:
continuity or stages.
stability or change.
fluid or crystallized intelligence.
conventional or postconventional morality.
cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.
Authoritative parents are likely to have children who:
are obedient but have low self-esteem.
have high self-esteem and are self-reliant.
have high self-esteem but are somewhat dependent.
are rebellious and have low self-esteem.
Sharon can clearly sense when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Sharon has developed a(n):
sense of object permanence.
insecure attachment.
concept of conservation.
theory of mind.
According to Piaget, a person first comprehends that division is the reverse of multiplication during the ________ stage.
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
sensorimotor
The task of raising children is typically associated with ________ marital satisfaction. The departure of mature children is typically associated with ________ marital satisfaction.
increasing; decreasing
decreasing; increasing
increasing; further increasing
decreasing; further decreasing
Edith abuses both her 3-year-old and 1-year-old daughters. Her behavior is most likely related to a lack of:
childhood experience with younger brothers and sisters.
maturation.
an early and secure attachment to her own parents.
formal operational intelligence.
object permanence.
Which of the following statements concerning the effects of aging is true?
Aging almost inevitably leads to dementia if the individual lives long enough.
Aging increases susceptibility to short-term ailments such as the flu.
Significant increases in life satisfaction are associated with aging.
The aging process can be significantly affected by the individual's activity patterns.
Four-year-olds are not completely egocentric and 5-year-olds can exhibit some understanding of conservation. This indicates that Piaget may have underestimated the:
importance of critical periods in early life.
role of motivation in cognitive development.
continuity of cognitive development.
importance of early attachment experiences.
A person's accumulation of stored information, called ________ intelligence, generally ________ with age.
fluid; decreases
fluid; increases
crystallized; decreases
crystallized; increases
A person's general ability to think abstractly is called ________ intelligence. This ability generally ________ with age.
Branden is so apathetic about his occupational future that within two years of his high school graduation he had already been fired by four different employers. According to Erikson, Branden best illustrates:
crystallized intelligence.
preconventional morality.
role confusion.
egocentrism.
Maturation is to education as ________ is to ________.
accommodation; assimilation
learning; experience
nature; nurture
imprinting; critical period
environment; learning
Compared to 30 years ago, American men today are marrying at a(n) ________ age and American women are marrying at a(n) ________ age.
younger; older
older; younger
older; older
younger; younger
Authoritarian parents demonstrate ________ levels of parental control and ________ levels of parental responsiveness.
high; high
low; low
high; low
low; high
Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a:
rectangular shape.
circular shape.
bull's-eye pattern.
drawing of a human face.
In order to qualify for the office manager's job, 55-year-old Phyllis must take a series of psychological tests. Her performance on the test of ________ is likely to be poorer than if she had taken it as a 25-year-old.
general knowledge
spelling
abstract reasoning
vocabulary
verbal comprehension
Women are more likely than men to:
criticize and insult their marital partner.
stare at people who make them angry.
interrupt others while they are talking.
misperceive simple friendliness as a sexual come-on.
engage in intimate conversations with others.
A critical period is a phase during which:
children frequently disobey and resist their parents.
children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly.
parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet-trained.
certain events have a particularly strong impact on development.
Three-year-old Angela has a history of being securely attached to her mother. It is most likely that Angela is:
unusually intelligent but also highly anxious.
easily frustrated and irritable when her mother is absent.
preoccupied with maintaining close physical contact with her mother.
outgoing and successful in her interactions with other children.
According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about visible and tangible events first develops during the ________ stage.
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