Name: __________________________ Date: _____________



1.
Mark, a 21-year-old college junior, is physically unattractive. Compared to good-looking students, Mark is more likely to:
A.
be physically coordinated and athletic.
B.
have difficulty making a favorable impression on potential employers.
C.
become a very loving and dependable parent.
D.
earn low grades in his college courses.
E.
be well liked by other male college students.


2.
In 1963, President John F. Kennedy announced to the then Soviet Union that the United States would discontinue all atmospheric nuclear tests. The Soviet's positive response to this conciliatory gesture illustrated the potential value of:
A.
mirror-image perceptions.
B.
superordinate goals.
C.
the mere exposure effect.
D.
GRIT.
E.
the just-world phenomenon.


3.
Surveys of the incidence of sexual harassment in the United States indicate that:
A.
the majority of women report that they have never experienced any form of sexual harassment.
B.
women tend to define many sexual advances as rape attempts when legally they are not.
C.
victims of acquaintance rape are more likely to report the crime to police than are victims of stranger rape.
D.
the majority of rapes are never reported to the police.
E.
women are more likely to be victimized by stranger rape than by acquaintance rape.


4.
Job applicants are interviewed by either friendly or unfriendly employers who sit either very close to or at a normal distance from the applicants. Research suggests that applicants will like best the friendly employers who sit at a ________ distance and will like least the unfriendly employers who sit at a ________ distance.
A.
very close; normal
B.
very close; very close
C.
normal; normal
D.
normal; very close


5.
Group polarization refers to:
A.
the lack of critical thinking that results from a strong desire for harmony within a group.
B.
a split within a group produced by striking differences of opinion among group members.
C.
the tendency of individuals to exert more effort when working as part of a group.
D.
the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion.
E.
the failure to give aid in an emergency situation observed by many onlookers.


6.
Social psychologists have arranged for people to drop coins or pencils in elevators in order to study:
A.
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
B.
the mere exposure effect.
C.
social facilitation.
D.
social loafing.
E.
the bystander effect.


7.
Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for:
A.
cognitive dissonance theory.
B.
the just-world phenomenon.
C.
social exchange theory.
D.
the scapegoat theory.
E.
attribution theory.


8.
Cross-cultural research on gender relations indicates that:
A.
the majority of the world's children without basic schooling are boys.
B.
in most countries men and women share equally in the duties of child-rearing.
C.
people perceive their fathers as more intelligent than their mothers despite gender equality in intelligence scores.
D.
there is little evidence that females are more likely to be aborted than males.


9.
Compared to the Japanese, Americans are likely to underestimate the extent to which another's behavior is influenced by:
A.
genetic predispositions.
B.
level of motivation.
C.
social roles.
D.
intellectual abilities.
E.
psychological traits.


10.
Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of:
A.
social facilitation.
B.
the bystander effect.
C.
the mere exposure effect.
D.
deindividuation.
E.
ingroup bias.


11.
Advocates of "facilitated communication" suggested that this technique was a useful way to deal with the problem of:
A.
group polarization.
B.
social loafing.
C.
deindividuation.
D.
aggression.
E.
autism.


12.
The two-factor theory of emotion specifically suggests that passionate love can be facilitated by:
A.
the mere exposure effect.
B.
self-disclosure.
C.
equity.
D.
group polarization.
E.
physical arousal.


13.
Prolonged exposure to TV crime shows leads viewers to perceive the world as ________ dangerous and to experience ________ sympathy for victims of violence.
A.
more; more
B.
less; less
C.
more; less
D.
less; more


14.
Government officials who emphasize that African-Americans are personally responsible for the economically disadvantaged position of their ethnic group are most likely to promote:
A.
deindividuation.
B.
social loafing.
C.
the social responsibility norm.
D.
prejudice.
E.
conciliation.


15.
Studies of role playing most directly highlight the effects of:
A.
group size on social loafing.
B.
personal anonymity on deindividuation.
C.
an audience on social facilitation.
D.
actions on attitudes.
E.
bystanders on altruism.


16.
The just-world phenomenon often leads people to:
A.
dislike and distrust those who are wealthy.
B.
believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer.
C.
express higher levels of prejudice after suffering frustration.
D.
respond with kindness to those who mistreat them.


17.
Which theory assumes that we adopt certain attitudes in order to justify our past actions?
A.
social exchange theory
B.
cognitive dissonance theory
C.
scapegoat theory
D.
attribution theory
E.
equity theory


18.
Mr. and Mrs. Wang never encouraged their daughter to excel in mathematics because they believe that women have inferior mathematical aptitude. Their daughter's poor performance on her recent college entrance mathematics exam best illustrates the impact of:
A.
the mere exposure effect.
B.
mirror-image perceptions.
C.
a self-fulfilling prophecy.
D.
social facilitation.
E.
ingroup bias.


19.
When the subjects in Milgram's study were later surveyed concerning their participation in the research, most reported that they:
A.
did not believe they were actually delivering shock to the "learner."
B.
had actually enjoyed shocking the "learner."
C.
did not regret their participation in the experiment.
D.
did not believe the study should be repeated.


20.
Groupthink can be prevented by a leader who:
A.
is directive and makes his or her own position clear from the start.
B.
invites outside experts to critique a group's developing plans.
C.
tries to maintain high morale among group members.
D.
emphasizes the importance of the issue under discussion.


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