A biological perspective would be least helpful for explaining the:
prevalence of schizophrenia throughout the world.
fluctuations in mood experienced by those suffering a bipolar disorder.
fear of snakes experienced by a high percentage of Americans.
dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 30 or so years.
In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
Suicide rates in the United States are ________ among Whites than Blacks and ________ among men than women.
higher; higher
lower; lower
higher; lower
lower; higher
One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions:
have little effect on people's feelings of self-worth.
are more characteristic of men than of women.
may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression.
do not coincide with actual episodes of depression.
are more clearly associated with mania than with depression.
In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a "word salad"?
dysthymic disorder
dissociative disorder
anorexia nervosa
A chronic state of low energy and self-esteem that is a bit less disabling than major depression is called a:
bipolar disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
phobia.
dissociative disorder.
dysthymic disorder.
Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as ________, are universal, whereas others, such as ________ are culture-bound.
schizophrenia; depression
depression; schizophrenia
antisocial personality; neurosis
depression; anorexia nervosa
Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ________ in the onset of this disorder.
learned helplessness
repression
childhood sexual trauma
role playing
motivational conflict
Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders?
Identical twins often develop similar phobias.
PET scans of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal unusually high activity in an area of the frontal lobes.
Drugs that affect the neurotransmitter serotonin may control obsessive thoughts.
All of the above were presented.
None of the above was presented.
The social-cognitive perspective has emphasized that depression is perpetuated by:
feelings of ambivalence.
the internalization of anger.
self-blaming attributions.
egocentrism.
conscious role playing.
One of the best warning signs of an attempt at suicide is:
suicidal talk.
hallucinations and delusions.
the use of illegal drugs.
generalized anxiety.
repeated academic failure.
Janet, whose class presentation is titled "Current Views on the Causes of Schizophrenia," concludes her talk with the statement:
"Schizophrenia is caused by intolerable stress."
"Schizophrenia is inherited."
"Genes may predispose some people to react to particular experiences by developing schizophrenia."
"As of this date, schizophrenia is completely unpredictable and its causes are unknown."
Low birth weight is a known risk factor for:
antisocial personality disorder.
dissociative identity disorder.
major depressive disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
schizophrenia.
College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve:
low self-esteem.
unconscious fear.
internal attributions of blame.
role playing.
Mary is socially withdrawn and she fears and distrusts many people. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is:
a long-standing pattern of behavior.
rationally unjustifiable.
not caused by a biological disorder.
a response to a stressful life situation.
Research suggests that abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine may contribute to:
panic attacks.
depression.
phobias.
dissociative disorders.
The reduced self-control of impulsive murderers is most closely related to reduced brain activity in their ________ lobes.
frontal
temporal
occipital
parietal
Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be:
a genuine disorder.
merely role playing.
a disorder that cannot be explained according to the learning perspective.
both a. and c.
On Monday, Matt felt optimistic, energetic, and on top of the world. On Tuesday, he felt hopeless and lethargic, and thought that the future looked very grim. Matt would most likely be diagnosed as having:
panic disorder.
Dorothy is so alarmed by spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to enter the basement of her own house alone. Dorothy appears to suffer from a(n):
histrionic personality disorder.
mood disorder.
This is the end of the test. When you have completed all the questions and reviewed your answers, press the button below to grade the test.