Research on self-perception indicates that most people:
suffer extensively from feelings of unrealistically low self-esteem.
feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes.
view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others.
underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments.
are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future.
Research on individual differences in children's temperament indicates that the trait of shyness most clearly results from:
a weak superego.
genetic predispositions.
an internal locus of control.
unresolved conflicts.
fixation and regression.
An unrealistic optimism about future life events could best be described as a(n):
Electra complex.
self-serving bias.
reaction formation.
fixation.
external locus of control.
According to Freud, the personality system that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the:
collective unconscious.
ego.
self-concept.
id.
superego.
Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysencks' basic personality dimensions she would be classified as:
unstable–introverted.
internal–impulsive.
manic–depressive.
external–dependent.
passive–aggressive.
Professor Shankar believes that her students' most important personal characteristics are those that distinguish them as uniquely different from most other people. Her attitude best illustrates one of the consequences of:
individualism.
reciprocal determinism.
the Barnum effect.
The importance of romance in marriage relationships is most likely to be emphasized in cultures that value:
role playing.
collectivism.
gender stereotypes.
Abraham Maslow studied the lives of Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, and Eleanor Roosevelt in order to understand the nature of:
unconditional positive regard.
self-actualization.
personality traits.
Janine experiences feelings of revulsion at the prospect of watching a pornographic video. Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's:
Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to:
have a strong ego.
experience an external locus of control.
dismiss flattering descriptions of themselves as untrue.
underestimate the accuracy of their own beliefs.
associate with people whose attitudes and personality are very similar to their own.
Collectivist cultures:
give priority to the goals of their groups.
value the maintenance of social harmony.
foster social interdependence.
are characterized by none of the above.
are characterized by a., b., and c.
A psychologist at the campus mental health center administered an empirically derived personality test to diagnose an emotionally troubled student. Which test did the psychologist most likely administer?
the MMPI
the TAT
the Rorschach
the Locus of Control Scale
Larry studies diligently because he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to gain employment after his college graduation. Larry's diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of:
unconditioned positive regard.
learned helplessness.
possible selves.
sublimation.
Compared with Freud, contemporary research psychologists are less likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving:
parallel processing.
motivational conflict.
implicit memory.
right hemisphere activity.
Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, delusions, and other symptoms of psychological disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?
MMPI-2
Rorschach
TAT
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Dayna is not very consistent in showing up for class and turning in assignments when they are due. Research studies would suggest that Dayna's inconsistent behavior:
indicates that she is emotionally troubled and may need professional counseling.
is a sign of learned helplessness.
is not necessarily unusual.
probably reflects a temporary problem in another area of her life.
Isaiah is sober and reserved; Rashid is fun-loving and affectionate. The Eysencks would say that Isaiah ________ and Rashid ________.
has an internal locus of control; has an external locus of control
has an external locus of control; has an internal locus of control
is an extravert; is an introvert
is an introvert; is an extravert
A psychotherapist instructs David to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as:
free association.
hypnosis.
projection.
In rejecting claims that personality trait measures fail to predict behavior effectively, Seymour Epstein emphasized the importance of:
multiple behavior assessments.
factor analysis.
projective tests.
Laura fails to recognize any connection between her unsafe sexual practices and the likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted disease. Laura's lack of perceptiveness best illustrates the dangers of:
an Electra complex.
an external locus of control.
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