Research suggests that people generally experience the greatest well-being when they strive for:
wealth.
modest income increases from year to year.
slightly higher status than their friends, neighbors, and co-workers.
intimacy and personal growth.
During World War II, promotion rates in the U.S. Air Corps were high, yet soldiers in this military branch were unhappy about the speed at which they were promoted. Their unhappiness is best explained in terms of the:
James-Lange theory.
adaptation-level phenomenon.
relative deprivation principle.
two-factor theory.
opponent-process theory.
Facial expressions of anger are most likely to facilitate:
sympathetic nervous system arousal.
the catharsis of hostile urges.
feelings of love.
empathy.
Cindy was happy with her promotion until she found out that Janice, who has the same amount of experience, receives a higher salary. Cindy's feelings are best explained according to the:
catharsis hypothesis.
principle of relative deprivation.
The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by:
Walter Cannon.
Carl Lange.
William James.
Stanley Schachter.
Richard Solomon.
Research indicates that a person is most likely to be helpful to others if he or she:
is feeling guilty about something.
is happy.
recently received help from another person.
recently offered help to another person.
The adaptation-level phenomenon refers to the:
perception that one is worse off than those with whom one compares oneself.
tendency for standards of judgment to be heavily influenced by previous experiences.
tendency for emotional release to reduce levels of physiological arousal.
tendency for evolution to favor organisms that adapt best to the environment.
When her son fails to arrive home as expected, Elena fears he has been in an accident. Both her heart and respiration rate remain elevated until she sees him come safely through the door. Her body soon returns to normal due to the action of her ________ nervous system.
parasympathetic
sympathetic
central
somatic
Expressing anger can be adaptive when you:
retaliate immediately.
have mentally rehearsed all the reasons for your anger.
count to ten, then blow off steam.
first wait until the anger subsides, then deal with the situation in a civil manner.
Employees who have just been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer. Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will:
calm their emotions and reduce their anger.
improve their relationships with management by allowing an open airing of differences.
rechannel their anger into constructive motivation.
increase their hostility.
While completing a final exam, Karen labels her arousal as energizing, whereas Mike labels his arousal as threatening. The emotional experiences of the two test takers are likely to differ the most with respect to:
duration.
intensity.
adaptation level.
valence.
According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.
facial expressions; cognitive labels
emotion-arousing events; physical arousal
physical arousal; overt behavior
cognitive labels; physical arousal
Research suggests that monkeys reared in the wild fear snakes because they:
are biologically predisposed to fear nearly all primitive forms of life.
have a particularly strong nervous system reaction to snake bites.
have encountered snakes near dead monkeys.
have observed other monkeys' fearful reactions to snakes.
frequently compete with snakes for control of territory and natural resources.
Margaret is a finalist in the U.S. Ice Skating Championship. She is very excited about the competition and is feeling energized. More than likely, the two dimensions of her current emotion would be a ________ and ________.
positive valence; low arousal
negative valence; low arousal
positive valence; high arousal
negative valence; high arousal
You would still be able to experience emotion in the absence of any sympathetic nervous system arousal according to the:
Cannon-Bard theory.
Concerning the catharsis hypothesis, which of the following is true?
Expressing anger can be temporarily calming if it does not leave one feeling guilty or anxious.
The arousal that accompanies unexpressed anger never dissipates.
Expressing one's anger always calms one down.
Psychologists agree that under no circumstances is catharsis beneficial.
People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of:
love.
anger.
surprise.
happiness.
boredom.
Research supporting the opponent-process theory of emotion suggests that:
the price of pleasure is pain.
with repetition a task that arouses fear will become more tolerable.
suffering can pay emotional dividends.
all of the above are true.
Alessandra's mother told her, "You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside." This remark best illustrates the ________ theory of emotion.
Cannon-Bard
two-factor
opponent-process
James-Lange
A general sense of happiness or life satisfaction is most unrelated to whether or not people:
exercise regularly.
sleep well.
are well educated.
have a happy marriage.
have a meaningful religious faith.
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