Most young children are fearful of bees, even though they have never been stung by one. This best illustrates that fear:

A.	is a maladaptive response.

B.	can be learned through observation.

C.	is genetically determined.

D.	results from relative deprivation.

Evidence that neck-level spinal cord injuries reduce the intensity with which people experience certain emotions most directly supports the:

A.	Cannon-Bard theory.

B.	adaptation-level principle.

C.	James-Lange theory.

D.	catharsis hypothesis.

E.	opponent-process theory.

The fact that facial expressions of emotion tend to intensify the experience of emotion serves to support the:

A.	catharsis hypothesis.

B.	Cannon-Bard theory.

C.	James-Lange theory.

D.	adaptation-level theory.

E.	opponent-process theory.

Schachter's two-factor theory emphasizes that emotion involves both:

A.	the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system.

B.	verbal and nonverbal expression.

C.	physical arousal and a cognitive label.

D.	universal and culture-specific aspects.

Who will probably be angrier after learning that he or she has received a parking ticket?

A.	Bob, who has just awakened from a nap

B.	Veronica, who has just finished eating a big lunch

C.	Dan, who has just completed a tennis match

D.	Alicia, who has been reading a romantic novel

E.	It cannot be determined from the information given.

Subjective well-being is most strongly influenced by:

A.	genetic predispositions.

B.	gender identity.

C.	educational experience.

D.	physical attractiveness.

Izard believes that there are ________ basic emotions.

While completing a final exam, Karen labels her arousal as energizing, whereas Mike labels his arousal as threatening. The emotional experiences of the two test takers are likely to differ the most with respect to:

duration.

B.	intensity.

C.	adaptation level.

valence.

Law enforcement officials sometimes use a lie detector to assess a suspect's responses to details of the crime believed to be known only to the perpetrator. This is known as the:

A.	inductive approach.

B.	deductive approach.

C.	guilty knowledge test.

D.	screening examination.

E.	prevarication probe.

10.

Evidence that changes in facial expression can directly affect people's feelings and body states has convinced Robert Zajonc that:

A.	the heart is always subject to the mind.

B.	emotional reactions involve deliberate rational thinking.

C.	cognition is not necessary for emotion.

D.	the interpretation of facial expressions is a learned skill.

11.

Expressing anger can be adaptive when you:

A.	retaliate immediately.

B.	have mentally rehearsed all the reasons for your anger.

C.	count to ten, then blow off steam.

D.	first wait until the anger subsides, then deal with the situation in a civil manner.

12.

Catharsis will be most effective in reducing anger toward another person if:

A.	you wait until you are no longer angry before confronting the person.

B.	the target of your anger is someone you feel has power over you.

C.	your anger is directed specifically toward the person who angered you.

D.	the other person is able to retaliate by also expressing anger.

13.

The first time Rosalina used cocaine she enjoyed it. After taking the drug several times a day for several months, she no longer enjoys its effects; she continues to take it, however, in order not to feel shaky and depressed. Which theory best accounts for her behavior?

A.	James-Lange theory

B.	Cannon-Bard theory

C.	opponent-process theory

D.	two-factor theory

14.

The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by:

A.	Walter Cannon.

B.	Carl Lange.

C.	William James.

D.	Stanley Schachter.

E.	Richard Solomon.

15.

Evidence that people can develop an emotional preference for stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed has convinced Robert Zajonc that:

A.	our thoughts are not influenced by our emotional states.

B.	our normal feelings of love and anger are often irrational.

C.	the two-factor theory of emotion is essentially correct.

D.	sometimes emotions precede cognition.

E.	emotional reactions bias our perceptions of the world.

16.

Lee was momentarily terrified as a passing automobile nearly side-swiped his car. When one of his passengers joked that he almost had a two-color car, Lee laughed uncontrollably. Lee's emotional volatility is best explained in terms of the:

A.	opponent-process theory.

B.	relative deprivation principle.

C.	James-Lange theory.

D.	catharsis hypothesis.

E.	two-factor theory.

17.

After learning to associate a blue slide with a blaring horn, people who have suffered damage to the hippocampus ________ show a fear reaction to the blue slide, and they ________ be able to remember why they are fearful of the blue slide.

A.	will; will

B.	will not; will not

C.	will; will not

D.	will not; will

18.

Ben has delivered a number of speeches to his college class. He finds that he is becoming less fearful prior to each presentation, but he continues to feel intensely happy and relieved after each speech. Ben's experience is most directly explained in terms of the:

A.	adaptation-level principle.

B.	opponent-process theory.

C.	relative deprivation principle.

D.	two-factor theory.

E.	catharsis hypothesis.

19.

In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion, both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that:

A.	cognitive reactions always precede emotional reactions.

B.	emotional reactions always precede cognitive reactions.

C.	some emotional reactions involve no conscious thinking.

D.	cognitive reactions and emotional reactions always occur simultaneously.

20.

Which of the following was not presented in the text as evidence that some emotional reactions involve no deliberate, rational thinking?

A.	Some of the neural pathways involved in emotion are separate from those involved in thinking and memory.

B.	Emotional reactions are sometimes quicker than our interpretations of a situation.

C.	People can develop an emotional preference for visual stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed.

D.	Arousal of the sympathetic nervous system will trigger an emotional reaction even when artificially induced by an injection of epinephrine.

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