Which of the following statements concerning homosexuality is true?
Homosexuals have abnormal hormone levels.
As children, most homosexuals were molested by an adult homosexual.
Homosexuals had a domineering opposite-sex parent.
New research indicates that sexual orientation may be at least partly physiological.
Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that:
women's sexual interests are not closely linked to the phases of their menstrual cycles.
adult men who have been castrated show virtually no reduction in sex drive.
sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased testosterone levels in men.
imprisoned male sex offenders typically experience lower-than-normal testosterone levels.
Theory X managers are more likely than theory Y managers to:
provide employees with very challenging work assignments.
give employees a high degree of responsibility for developing their own work procedures.
encourage employees to critically discuss controversial company policies.
closely observe individual employees in order to monitor their productivity.
Directive management is to participative management as ________ is(are) to ________.
theory Y; theory X
social leadership; task leadership
ineffective leadership; effective leadership
intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
Maslow's lower-level needs; Maslow's higher-level needs
In order to encourage achievement motivation in the classroom, students should be taught to attribute their good grades to:
their own hard work.
their own high level of intelligence.
the easy nature of most academic tasks.
their teachers' generous grading standards.
their parents effective supervision of their study time.
Mark's intrinsic motivation to play baseball in college is most likely to be reduced when his attention is focused on:
mastering the physical skills necessary to play effectively.
learning the essential rules of the game.
developing the comradery with fellow players necessary for effective teamwork.
playing well enough to secure an athletic scholarship.
engaging in entertaining practice drills that prepare him for competitive play.
The brain structure that detects sex hormone levels and activates sexual arousal is the:
cerebellum.
amygdala.
hypothalamus.
medulla.
thalamus.
Effective managers have been found to demonstrate ________ levels of task leadership and ________ levels of social leadership.
high; low
low; high
low; low
high; high
The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for:
self-esteem.
love and friendship.
religious fulfillment.
food and drink.
achievement.
An aroused or activated state that is often triggered by physiological need is called a(n):
instinct.
incentive.
drive.
intrinsic motive.
The Johnson Manufacturing Corporation encourages workers to elect representatives to the company's executive board and allows them to purchase company stock at below-market prices. These policies are most likely to ________ the employees' ________.
decrease; desire for higher wages
increase; fear of failure
decrease; productivity
increase; intrinsic motivation
decrease; achievement motivation
People who are high in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks; people who are low in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks.
very difficult; very easy
moderately difficult; very easy or very difficult
very easy or moderately difficult; very difficult
very difficult or very easy; moderately difficult
Exposure of a fetus to the hormones typical of females between ________ and ________ months after conception may predispose the developing human to become attracted to males.
1; 3
2; 5
4; 7
6; 9
9; 11
Mr. Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children. He obviously believes that aggression is a(n):
extrinsic motive.
homeostatic mechanism.
When peoples' need to belong is fulfilled through close relationships, they are less likely to:
commit suicide.
contract physical illness.
suffer psychological disorders.
experience any of the above.
Mary loves hang-gliding. It would be most difficult to explain Mary's behavior according to:
incentives.
achievement motivation.
drive-reduction theory.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Which of the following is currently true regarding first-year college students' opinions of casual sex?
The majority feel that sex between persons who know each other for only a short time is acceptable.
The majority feel that condom use is unnecessary, because they know when the safe times are.
The majority feel that sex between persons who know each other for only a short time is unacceptable.
The majority feel that they will be ostracized by their peers if they don't do "what everyone else is doing."
Research has found that an animal's sexual orientation can be altered by:
manipulations of prenatal hormone conditions.
destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus.
injections of sex hormones in early adulthood.
destruction of the amygdala.
The correct order of the stages of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle is:
plateau; excitement; orgasm; resolution.
excitement; plateau; orgasm; resolution.
excitement; orgasm; resolution; refractory.
plateau; excitement; orgasm; refractory.
excitement; orgasm; plateau; resolution.
A lack of bodily fluids is to cold water as ________ is to ________.
need; incentive
drive; incentive
need; drive
instinct; intrinsic motivation
homeostasis; extrinsic motivation
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