Fixed patterns of behavior characteristic of a species and developed without practice are called:
intrinsic motives.
drives.
instincts.
extrinsic motives.
incentives.
Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called:
needs.
goals.
According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for ________.
love; food
adequate clothing; self-esteem
religious fulfillment; adequate housing
self-actualization; friendship
political freedom; economic security
Employee achievement motivation is most likely to be facilitated by:
theory Y managers.
task leadership.
directive management.
safe working conditions.
If researchers wanted to improve upon the scientific accuracy of Alfred Kinsey's research on American sexual practices, their first concern should involve:
using telephone rather than face-to-face interviews.
interviewing a larger number of people.
having females rather than males interview the female respondents.
interviewing a more representative sample of the American population.
For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:
homeostasis.
a drive.
an instinct.
extrinsic motivation.
metabolic rate.
The text suggests that a "neophobia" for unfamiliar tastes:
is more common in children than in adults.
protected our ancestors from potentially toxic substances.
may be an early warning sign of an eating disorder.
only grows stronger with repeated exposure to those tastes.
does all of the above.
Destruction of the ________ causes an animal to ________.
lateral hypothalamus; overeat
lateral hypothalamus; start eating
ventromedial hypothalamus; overeat
ventromedial hypothalamus; stop eating
It is characteristic of bears to hibernate. This behavior is an example of:
intrinsic motivation.
an incentive.
In most mammals, female sexual receptivity is greatest when:
testosterone levels are lowest.
testosterone levels are highest.
estrogen levels are lowest.
estrogen levels are highest.
Jody has just eaten a huge meal, but gets the urge to eat when she smells fresh popcorn. Psychologists would most likely consider Jody to be:
an external.
obese.
suffering from bulimia nervosa.
suffering from anorexia nervosa.
In animals, destruction of the lateral hypothalamus results in ________, whereas destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus results in ________.
overeating; loss of hunger
loss of hunger; overeating
an elevated set point; a lowered set point
increased thirst; loss of thirst
increased metabolic rate; weight loss
Instinctive behavior is:
designed to reduce drives.
triggered by a biological need.
extrinsically motivated.
unlearned.
Extrinsic motivation refers to:
a rigidly patterned behavioral urge characteristic of an entire species.
a physiological need that triggers arousal.
a state of arousal that is triggered by a physiological need.
a desire to perform a behavior in order to obtain promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.
the body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal state.
Maslow's lower-level needs are to ________ as Maslow's higher-level needs are to ________.
social leadership; task leadership
theory X; theory Y
participative management; directive management
informative rewards; controlling rewards
intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
On the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, one would be least likely to predict that a:
starving person might sell his child to obtain food.
teacher with high self-esteem might seek a career change to use his abilities more fully.
successful business executive might show greater concern for his family relationships than for becoming president of his corporation.
prisoner might choose to die rather than betray his country.
Compared to women, men are more likely to experience:
recollections of their previous sexual interactions.
dreams about members of the opposite sex.
fantasies of being sexually overpowered.
sexually vivid dreams that lead to orgasm.
Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to suggest that almost all humans are genetically predisposed to:
engage in both homosexual and heterosexual behaviors.
form close enduring relationships with fellow humans.
avoid eating carbohydrate-laden foods when feeling depressed.
satisfy their need for political freedom before seeking emotional security.
Mr. Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children. He obviously believes that aggression is a(n):
extrinsic motive.
homeostatic mechanism.
instinct.
intrinsic motive.
Over the past 50 years, American women have expressed ________ satisfaction with their physical appearance and have experienced a(n) ________ incidence of serious eating disorders.
increasing; decreasing
increasing; increasing
decreasing; decreasing
decreasing; increasing
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