Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?
Japanese children have higher average intelligence scores than American children.
Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings.
The intelligence scores of children are positively correlated with the intelligence scores of their parents.
Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together.
Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.
reliability
factor analysis
standardization
validity
normal distribution
Sorting children into gifted and nongifted educational groups:
presumes that giftedness is a single trait.
does not result in higher academic achievement scores.
promotes racial segregation and prejudice.
sometimes creates self-fulfilling prophecies.
has all of the above effects.
Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individual's mental capacities?
Thurstone
Spearman
Gardner
Sternberg
Research on the effectiveness of Head Start suggests that enrichment programs:
produce permanent gains in intelligence scores.
improve school readiness, but have no measurable impact on intelligence scores.
improve intelligence scores but not school readiness.
produce temporary gains in intelligence scores.
Which of the following is NOT true?
In math grades, the average girl typically equals or surpasses the average boy.
The gender gap in math and science scores is decreasing.
Women are better than men at detecting emotions.
Males score higher than females on tests of spatial abilities.
The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is:
less than that between children and their biological parents.
equal to that between identical twins reared together.
equal to that between fraternal twins reared together.
greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together.
High levels of male hormones during prenatal development may enhance:
verbal reasoning.
spatial abilities.
overall intelligence.
all of the above.
In order to assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of:
the normal distribution.
criterion-based validation.
standardization.
reliability assessment.
factor analysis.
Five-year-old Jaime performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Jaime's mental age is:
4.
4.5.
5.
80.
125.
A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of:
validity.
reliability.
normality.
Don's intelligence scores were only average, but he has been enormously successful as a corporate manager. Psychologists Sternberg and Wagner would probably suggest that Don's ________ intelligence exceeds his ________ intelligence.
verbal; performance
performance; verbal
academic; practical
practical; academic
Before becoming attorneys, law students must pass a special licensing exam, which is an ________ test. Before entering college, high school students must take the SAT, which is an ________ test.
achievement; aptitude
aptitude; achievement
achievement; achievement
aptitude; aptitude
Factor analysis is a statistical procedure used to:
derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with chronological age.
evaluate how accurately test items predict a criterion behavior.
extract test norms from a standardization sample.
identify clusters of closely related test items.
provide a quantitative estimate of heritability.
The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that:
fraternal twins have more similar intelligence test scores than ordinary siblings.
intellectual development of neglected children in impoverished environments is often retarded.
Head Start programs for disadvantaged children lead to short-term improvements in intelligence test scores.
all the above are true.
Achievement tests are designed to:
measure desire and potential capacity to successfully meet challenges.
assess ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
compare an individual's personality with those of highly successful people.
assess learned knowledge or skills.
If ten genetically identical individuals were all raised in different homes, the heritability of intelligence for this group would be ________ percent.
0
10
50
100
In considering the nature of intelligence, experts would be most likely to agree that intelligence is a(n):
inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests.
ability to learn from experience.
general trait that underlies success on nearly any task.
multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits.
Which of the following is NOT cited as evidence of the reciprocal relationship between schooling and intelligence?
Neither education level nor intelligence scores accurately predict income.
Intelligence scores tend to rise during the school year.
High school graduates have higher intelligence scores than do those who drop out early.
High intelligence is conducive to prolonged schooling.
Gerardeen has superb social skills, manages conflicts well, and has great empathy for her friends and co-workers. Peter Salovey and John Mayer would probably say that Gerardeen possesses a high degree of:
g.
social intelligence.
practical intelligence.
emotional intelligence.
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